Literate tracing [pdf]
Augments Literate Programming with primitives for running a program on specific inputs and probing the values of specific variables after.
Augments the markup language with some way to define custom pictures. But I can't quite tell what the markup for that looks like.
Just saw this myself...! I am tempted to try building a complex system in this style to try it out. I do like that this approach keeps its diagrams up to date by generating them from actual program executions.
It does remind me of this snippet from the Inform 7 literate programming docs (ganelson.github.io/inweb/inweb/M-iti.html) though:
... LP is not much practiced, but it is also because, as Christopher Wyk perceptively observed (CACM 33.3, 1990), "no one has yet volunteered to write a program using another's system for literate programming".
Hopefully one of these literate systems may eventually escape and see use beyond the original creator. It does seem like this kind of literate documentation would aid with Naur-style "theory building" (communicating the head space of a program) for others that come along later.